What Is a Private Foundation?

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A private foundation is a 501c(3) organization that is generally controlled and financed by a few sources, such as an individual, family or corporation. Private foundations typically receive most of their support from one or a few donors and investment income.

There are two types of private foundations:

Non-operating foundations: This is the most common form. They focus on grant-making to other nonprofits and individuals rather than running their own programs.

Operating foundations: These foundations operate their own programs, like a museum or library, and are a hybrid that combines features of both a public charity and a private foundation.

Private foundations must distribute 5% of their assets annually in grants or charitable activities. Contributions are tax-deductible up to specific limits defined by the IRS, and are subject to a small excise tax, starting at 1.39%.

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Person writing on transparent surface with the words "Facts" in red and "Myths" in blue, highlighting the distinction between facts and myths.

Common Foundation Myths

  • You need to be wealthy to start a foundation

    • False: Anyone who makes regular donations to charity may benefit from using a private foundation. As long as you follow IRS guidelines and distribute at least 5% of the assets every year, a private foundation is a perfect vehicle to manage your giving.

  • You lose control of your money once you put it into a foundation

    • False: Founders retain full control over the foundation’s leadership, mission, and grantmaking. The foundation becomes a tool to direct your philanthropy more purposefully.

  • It’s complicated and time-consuming to set up a private foundation.

    • False: There are specific rules, but with our support, the process can be completed smoothly, and the entire process can be completed in a matter of weeks.

  • It’s too much work to manage a private foundation.

    • False: There is a time commitment to making sure your foundation is staying compliant, but we offer affordable ways to manage your foundation so you can focus on supporting your favorite charities.